Communication Studies 395-0: Topics in Communication Studies
Section 22: Advanced Theories of Persuasion

meeting concurrently with

Communication Studies 525-0: Seminar: Problems in Communication Studies
Section 23: Advanced Theories of Persuasion
Spring 2007

Readings for Wednesday 9 May

17. Subliminal stimuli and processes in persuasion (1): backward audio messages, inaudible audio messages

Vokey, J. R., & Read, J. D. (1985). Subliminal messages: Between the devil and the media. American Psychologist, 40, 1231-1239. [online via NU]

Greenwald, A. G., Spangenberg, E. R., Pratkanis, A. R., & Eskenazi, J. (1991). Double-blind tests of subliminal self-help audiotapes. Psychological Science, 2, 119-122. [online via NU, but only through the EBSCO option (not through the Synergy Blackwell option)]

For further reading:

Swart, L. C., & Morgan, C. L. (1992). Effects of subliminal backward-recorded messages on attitudes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 75, 1107-1113.

Begg, I. M., Neredham, D. R., & Bookbinder, M. (1993). Do backward messages unconsciously affect listeners? No. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, 1-14.

Spangenberg, E. R., Obermiller, C., & Greenwald, A. G. (1992). A field test of subliminal self-help audiotapes: The power of expectancies. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 11(2), 26-36.

Pratkanis, A. R., Eskenazi, J., & Greenwald, A. G. (1994). What you expect is what you believe (but not necessarily what you get): A test of the effectiveness of subliminal self-help audiotapes. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 15, 251-276.

Moore, T. E. (1995). Subliminal self-help auditory tapes: An empirical test of perceptual consequences. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 27, 9-20.

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